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ConstructionTechnologyofElectricalSystem

1、ConstructionPreparation施工准备

Theforemanorganizestheconstructionshiftstoacquaintthedrawing,anddefinitudethedesignpurpose,andcontactwiththeelectricalengineertoresolveproblemsinthedesigndrawingsandmakerelevantrecords.施工员组织施工班组认真熟悉图纸，明确设计意图，对设计图中的问题及时与电气工程师联系，解决问题并做好记录

DB34／T 1798-2018标准下载装应在土建工作（地坪、墙面粉刷、门窗安装等）结束后进行。

2、ConstructionMaterials施工材料

Galvanizedelectronicpipesareadoptedforilluminateandsockets;galvanizedsteelpipesareadoptedforcableprotectionpipesandpowermains.照明及插座采用镀锌电管；电缆保护管、动力干线管、采用镀锌钢管。

3、ConstructionScheme施工方案

1）FabricationandInstallationofsectionalsteelsupport型钢支架的制作安装

a.Beforeuse,straightenthesectionalsteelandeliminaterusts.型钢使用前应将其调直，除锈。

b.Useagrindingwheelforcuttingandabenchdrillfordrilling;Nogaswelding,electricalweldingforcuttingordrillingispermitted.用砂轮机切割、台钻开孔；不得以气、电焊切割、开孔。

2）Exposedandhiddenhosefittings明、暗配管

a.Whenembedded,performpipeandcaseembedmentmatchingwiththescheduleofthecivilwork.Inprinciple,embedmentinthefloorsshallbeshortandwithlessbends.Hiddenembedmentalongthewallshallkeeplinesstraightandparallelwiththewall.预埋时，密切配合土建，掌握土建进度，及时进行管线、箱盒的预埋，楼板内预埋应以线路短、弯曲少为原则，沿墙暗敷应横平竖直。

b.Thereshouldbenoburratthepipenozzle.Sealthenozzlesupwardandintheembeddedcases.Filluptheembeddedcaseswitholdnewspapersandyellowmudandfixitwiththetemplateusingnailsandleadwires.Nopipeshallbeinfreedom,whichmustbecolligatedwithreinforcedbars.Pipesmustlaidoffalongthebottombars.管口应无毛刺，管口向上及预埋盒内的管口应及时封堵，预埋盒内以旧报纸或黄泥填实，以铁钉和铅丝与模板固定好，所有的管子不得呈自由状态，必须与钢筋绑扎好，管子必须在底筋上敷设。

d.Layingpipesalongthesupportorthesurfaceofthebuilding,fixingpointsorspacingbetweensupportsshallmeetrequirementsofTable1.Adistanceof150~500mmbetweenfixingpointsandends,centralpointsofelbows,andedgesofelectricaldevicesorcasesisproper.管子沿支架或建筑物表面敷设时，固定点或支架间距应满足表1的要求，固定点与终端、弯头中点、电气器具或箱盒边缘的距离宜为150~500mm。

表1固定点间最大允许距离Table1.MaxAllowableDistancebetweenFixingPoints

敷设方式Layingmethod

钢管名称Nameofsteelpipes

钢管直径DiameterofPipe

吊架、支架或贴墙安装（m）Hanger,supportorinstalledsticktothewall(m)

镀锌钢管Galvanizedsteelpipe

镀锌电管Galvanizedelectronicpipe

e.Adoptcasingweldingforconnectionsofsteelpipes.Thelengthofthecasingis1.5~3timesaslongastheouterdiameterofthepipe.Afterenteringthecase,fixwithwelding.Adoptthreadedconnectionsforgalvanizedwiringpipes.Thelengthofthethreadis1/2ofthatofthepipejoint,andisconnectedwiththecasebynuts.Thelengthofthesteelpipeintheboxisnotlongerthan5mm,andthethreadisproperlyfeaturedwith2~3circlesofthread.Theconnectionoftheelectronicpipeshalladoptoverlapping(leadoverlappingandweldingpipes).钢管连接采用套管焊接，套管长度为管子外径的1.5~3倍，进入箱盒以焊接固定，镀锌电线管连接采用丝扣连接，套丝长度为管接头的1/2，与盒子以纳子固定，钢管进入箱盒长度不大于5mm，丝扣以2~3丝为宜，电管连接处应跨接（导线跨接和焊管接）。

g.Usethebendmachineforsteelpipes,andarodforthegalvanizedelectronicpipetomakeelbows.Noflat,foldorcrackappearsattheelbow.Thediameteroftheelbowshallnotbesixtimeslesserthanthatofthepipe.钢管以顶弯机，镀锌电管以拗棒弯制弯头，折弯处不应有扁、折、裂等现象，弯曲半径不小于管子外径的6倍。

h.Whenconnectingthepipeandelectricaldeviceorequipment,thepipecanbeinserteddirectlyorconnectedwithametalhose.管子与电气器具或设备连接时可以直接进入，也可以用金属软管连接。

3）Installationofbridgeandduct桥架、线槽的安装：

c.Bridgeandductcuttingandelbowfabricationmustbeprocessedwithmachinestoensureaperfectappearance.Electricalandgasweldingforcuttinganddrillingisforbidden.桥架、线槽切割及弯头制作，必须以机械加工，外观完好，严禁用电焊、气焊切割开孔。

d.Allnutsusedforfixingabridgeandabridge,andaductandaductshallbelocatedattheoutsideofthebridgeandtheduct.桥架与桥架；线槽与线槽之间，采用螺栓固定，所有紧固螺母必须在桥架、线槽的外侧。

e.Incasewithoutanydesignrequirement,thespacebetweensupportsofthebridgeandtheductinstalledhorizontallyis1.5~3m,andthatinstalledverticallyisnotlongerthan2m.当无设计要求时，桥架、线槽的水平安装的支架间距为1.5~3m，垂直安装的支架间距不大于2m。

f.Fireprotectionmeasuresshallbetakenforbridgesandductslaidinsilosandpassingthroughdifferentfireprotectiondistricts.敷设在竖井内和穿越不同防火区的桥架、线槽，按设计要求位置，应有防火隔堵措施。

g.Themetalbridges,ductsandthesupportsmustbeearthed(PE),andatleast2pointsareconnectedtotheearthing(PE)trunk.金属桥架、线槽及支架必须接地（PE）且全长应不少于2处与接地（PE）干线相连接。

b.Leadsofdifferentsystems,differentcircuits(exceptforilluminationcircuits),differentvoltages,andACandDCshallnotbelaidoutinthesamepipe.不同系统，不同回路（照明灯回路除外），不同电压等级，交流与直流的导线不得在同一管内敷设。

c.Theremustbeprotectionsforinletsandoutletsofleads.Noconnectionsortwistsinthepipe.Connectionsmustbemadeinthejunctionbox.Thetotalsectionareaofallleadsshallnotexceed40%ofthatofthepipe.Thetotalsectionareaofwiringfittingsandleadsintheductshallnotexceed60%ofthatoftheduct.Thequantityofwireinvariouspipesshallbecarriedoutasperthedesigninstruction;ifnotindicated,refertoTable

2:导线进、出管时必须有护口，在管内不得有接头和扭结，接头必须在接线盒内进行，管内导线的总截面不应超过管子截面积的40%，线槽内配线，导线的总截面积不应大于线槽截面积的60%，各类管子内的穿线根数根据设计说明，如无说明参见表2：

芯线截面（mm2）Sectionofcoreline(mm2)

镀锌钢管直径Diameterofgalvanizedsteelpipe

镀锌电管直径Diameterofgalvanizedelectronicpipe

于0.5MΩ（摇表采用1KV兆欧表）。

b.Afterfinishinginstallationofcablebridgesandsupportsinthecabletrench,andearthing,laycablesafterinspectionsandconfirmation.电缆桥架，电缆沟内支架安装结束，接地（PE）完成，经检查确认后，才能敷设电缆。

c.Whenlayingcables,itmustbedirectedbyspecialpersonnel.Cablesshallbeintroducedfromtheupperendofthecabledrum.Nofrictionandpullingofcablesandcableracksispermitted.Controltheloosenessofcablesonthecabledrum.电缆敷设时，须专人指挥，电缆应从电缆盘上端引出，敷设时，禁止电缆与电缆架摩擦拖拉，并控制电缆在盘上的松弛度。

d.Whenlayingcables,ensurecablesarrangedinlines.Theminimumcurveradiusatthecorneris15D.电缆敷设，必须排列整齐，转弯处的最小允许弯曲半径为15D。

e.Buriedcablelaying:Armoredcablesareadoptedforburiedcables.Spreadsandof100mmthickatthebottomofthetrenchfirstly,andspreadsandof100mmthickafterlayingcables,andcoverwithbricks,andbackfillwithsoils.Aprotectionpipeisnecessaryforthecablepassingthrougharoadorenteringabuilding.Thepartspreadoutoftheroadbaseorabuildingshallnotshorterthan1m.Cablesshallnotbelaidparalleledaboveorbelowpipes.Thespacebetweentheelectricalcablesandthecontrolcablesshallnotbeshorterthan100mm.Aburiedcableshallbeatleast1mawayfromathermalpipeparalleledwiththecable,atleast500mmawayfromathermalpipecrossingwiththecable,andatleast600mmawayfromthefoundation.Ifnotmeetingsuchrequirements,itshallberesolvedbytheE&MengineerandthedesigninstituteandtheOwnerthroughconsultation.直埋电缆的敷设：直埋电缆采用铠装电缆，应在沟底先铺100mm厚的砂，待电缆敷设后再铺100mm的砂，然后盖红砖，最后回填土，电缆穿越道路或进建筑物必须穿风保护管，伸出路基或建筑物处不小于1m，电缆不得平行敷设在管道的上方或下方，电力电缆与控制电缆之间距离不小于100mm。直埋电缆与热力管道平行距离不小于1m，交叉距离不小于500mm,与基础距离不小于600mm。如满足不了要求，则需由机电工程师会同设计院、业主协调解决。

g.Whenlayingthecablesinthebridge,theyarearrangedorderlyandfixedwithnylonband.Thedistanceisunchanged:thedistancecannotexceed1.5mforverticalsectionandthatofthehorizontalsectioncannotexceed3m.电缆在桥架内敷设时，应排列整齐，应以尼龙扎带固定，固定间距：垂直段不超过1.5m，水平段不超过3m。

6）Connectionoftheelectricwireandcables:电线电缆的连接：

a.Thefabricationoftheindoorcablesadoptsdrypackingtype.Thesheathsofthecablesarecutaccordingtotheactualsituation.户内电缆头制作采用干包式，电缆护套剥切应根据实际情况来确定。

b.Insulatedconductorsofthecuttingwiresandcablecoresdonotdamagethecores.剥切电线、电缆芯线的绝缘层不应损伤线芯。

7）Installationoftheelectricdevices电气器具的安装

b.Theheightoftheinstallation(thedistancebetweenthebaseandtheearth):Lightingswitchis1.4m,socket0.3m,thesocketinthewashingroom1.4m,thefancoiltemperaturecontroller1.4m,0.2mforexitlightonthedoorframeandthelightingdistributionbox1.4m.安装高度（底边距地）：照明开关为1.4m；插座为0.3m；卫生间插座为1.4m；风机盘管温控器为1.4m；门头安全出口灯在门框上0.2m；照明配电箱为1.4m。

c.Theswitchesonthedoorare150~200mwiththedoorframe.Theheightdeviationoftheswitchesandsocketsonthesameplacecannotexceed5mm.Theheightdeviationoftheswitchesandsocketsparallelyinstalledcannotexceed0.5mm.Theverticalitydeviationofthepanelsshallbelessthan0.5mm.Andthelightersarrangedareinalineandthecenterdeviationshallbelessthan5mm.Embeddeddistributionboxandthepanelofthecontrolboxaretouchedclosely.Therequirementsforopenandcloseboxesfollowedas:Forthoselessthan500mm,theverticalitydeviationshallbelessthan2mmandforthosehigherthan500mm,theverticalitydeviationshallbelessthan5mm.在门边安装的开关距门框150~200mm,同一场所安装的开关、插座允许高差不大于5mm，并列安装的开关插座允许高差不大于0.5mm，面板垂直度偏差不大于0.5mm,同一室内成排灯具应成一线，其中心偏差不大于5mm；嵌墙安装的配电箱，控制箱其面板与墙面紧贴，明、暗箱的垂直度要求：高度不大于500mm的，其垂直度偏差不大于2mm，大于500mm的，其垂直度偏差不大于5mm。

e.Embedfluorescentlampadoptsseekchainortheroundsteelhungonthecentralterminalsandtheweightofthelampscannotbringtheloadtothehungandnarrowanglemetalhalidelampsintheworkshopshungtheoutsideofthelastquarterofsteelroof.Thelamppowercordsshallbeprotectedbythemetalhoses,leadintothelampsandtheedgesof嵌顶灯shalltouchcloselytothebuttedbridgingjoint.Themetalhousesofthelampsmustbeearthing.嵌入式荧光灯采用瓜子链条或圆钢吊挂在楼板下方，灯具自重不应对吊顶构成荷重，车间深照型金卤灯，吊挂在钢结构屋架下弦外，灯具电源线应穿金属软管保护，引到灯具内，嵌顶灯边缘应紧贴在顶栅上，灯具的金属外壳必须接地（PE）。

Table3PermittedDeviationforFoundationTypeSteel表3基础型钢安装允许误差

PermittedDeviation允许误差

Fulllengthmm/全长

Horizontality水平度

PermittedDeviation

Verticality垂直度（mm/m）

Arrangedcoilface成列盘面

9）Installationofthetransformer变压器安装

a.Whensecondaryconveyanceofthetransformerandpositioning,donotdamagetheinsulators,thecoolingpipesandtheshells,etc.变压器在二次搬运中，就位过程中，不得损坏绝缘子，油箱冷却管，外壳等附件。

b.Beforepositioningthetransformer,checkthewheelspanisconsistentwiththefoundationgauge.Afterpositioning,findthehorizontality.Fortheroller,adopttheremovablebrakedevicestofasten.Therollershallappliedwiththebeeffactforrustresistance.变压器就位前应检查轮距与基础轨距是否一致，就位后应找正水平度，其滚轮应用可拆卸的制动装置加以固定，滚轮应牛油防锈。

d.Afterthetransformerisdeliveredtotheinstallationsite,checkthebodiesandinsulatorsarefreefromthecracks,damagedandtheindicationofthetemperaturemetersiscorrectaspertherequirementsofthetechnicaldocuments.变压器到达安装现场后，应按产品技术文件要求进行检查机电工程施工方案（从开工到保修全过程），word版.doc，器身、绝缘件应无裂纹、缺损，测温仪表指示准确。

10）Smallconnection二次接线

c.Theconductorendmustbeprovidedwiththenumbers,clearlyandreliably.导线端部必须套标志管编号，且字迹清晰，牢靠。

11)Lighteningandearthingsystem防雷、接地系统

b.Theearthingresistanceofthedistributionneutralpointshallbelessthan4Ωandtheresistanceofthelighteningandearthingshallbelessthan1Ω.配电中性点接地电阻不大于4Ω，Theresistanceofthelighteningandearthingshallbelessthan1Ω.厂房防雷接地电阻不大于1Ω。

c.Lighteningandearthingsystemshallfollowthedrawingsforconstruction.Accordingtothedesignrequirements,setuptherelevanttestingpoints.Allmaterialsshallbehotgalvanizing.避雷、接地系统严格按设计图施工，根据要求设立有关测试点，所有的材料均应使用热镀锌材料。

d.Thesteelpoleisusedasthelighteningdownlead.Themainreinforcementofthedownleadshallbeweldedandthetopisweldedwiththelighteningbandandthelowerendisweldedwithreinforcementinthepiles.利用钢柱作为防雷引下线，引下线的主筋应焊接，其上端与避雷带焊接，下端与砼桩内立筋焊接

g.Whenthefoundationringbeampassingtheexpansiblejoints,adoptthegalvanizedflatsteel(40×4)for跨焊.基础圈梁过伸缩缝处TG／GD 124-2015 高速铁路接触网运行维修规则（铁总运[2015]362号），应用镀锌扁钢（40×4）跨焊。

j.Overlaplength:Twiceofthewidthoftheflatsteel,6timesoftheroundsteel.Afterwelding,removetheweldingslagandapplythepaintingforrustresistance,coveredwithsilverpowerpainting,suchasburying,andapplyingthepitchforcorrosionresistance.搭接长度：扁钢，宽度的两倍；园钢为直径的6倍，焊接后，除去焊渣、刷防绣漆防腐，并刷银粉漆盖面，如埋地，刷沥青防腐。