Handbook Of Heating, Ventilation, And Air Conditioning

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Handbook Of Heating, Ventilation, And Air Conditioning

The*HandbookofHeating,Ventilation,andAirConditioning*isacomprehensiveresourcethatservesasanessentialguideforengineers,architects,technicians,andstudentsinvolvedinthedesign,installation,operation,andmaintenanceofHVACsystems.Thishandbookcoversfundamentalprinciplesandadvancedtechniquesrelatedtoheating,ventilation,airconditioning,andrefrigeration(HVAC&R).Itprovidesdetailedexplanationsofthermodynamics,fluidmechanics,heattransfer,psychrometrics,andenergyefficiency,whicharecriticalforunderstandingsystemperformance.

ThebookdelvesintovariousaspectsofHVACsystems,includingequipmentselection,ductworkdesign,loadcalculations,controlstrategies,indoorairqualitymanagement,andsustainabilitypractices.Italsoaddressesmoderntrendssuchassmartbuildingtechnologies,renewableenergyintegration,andgreenbuildingstandardslikeLEEDandPassiveHouse.Practicalexamples,casestudies,andstepbystepprocedureshelpreadersapplytheoreticalknowledgetorealworldscenarios.

Additionally,thehandbookemphasizessafetyprotocols,environmentalconsiderations,andregulatorycompliance,ensuringthatHVACsystemsmeetinternationalcodesandstandards.Withitsclearwritingstyle,extensiveillustrations,anduptodateinformation,thisreferencetoolsupportsbothbeginnerslearningthebasicsandprofessionalsseekingadvancedinsightsintocuttingedgeHVACsolutions.Overall,itisanindispensableassetforanyoneworkinginorstudyingthefieldofmechanicalengineeringandbuildingservices.

t／taf 112-2022 移动应用分发平台信用评价细则boil = mfuel(HHV)

BoilerEfficiencyandEnergyCalculations

A simpler, overall efficiency equation can be used for boiler energy estimates if the steam rate required for usingEquation 4.1.6is not measurable:

2001 by CRC Press LLC

Q。is the boiler heat output at part load; Btu/hr, kW Qo.fu is the rated heat output at full load; Btu/hr, kW

PLR= Q。 Qefull

0 2001 by CRC Press LLC

Qi is the heat input required to meet the part load level quantified by Pl Qifuuis theheat input atrated full load on theboiler

Qi is the heat input required to meet the part load level quantified by PLR Qifunis theheatinput atrated full load on theboiler

Qi.yr {Q(t) = JNboil(t)

Wboin is the boiler efficiency—a function of time since theload on the boilervaries with timd Q(t) is the heat load on the boiler which varies with time as well, Btu/hr (kW)

Qo(T;)n;(T) Qi.yr = M boi(T;) = 0

Mboi(T) is the efficiency of the boiler in agiven ambient temperaturebin j; the efficiency depends strongly but indirectly on ambient temperature T, since the load, which determines PLR, depends ontemperature. Q。(T) is the boiler load (i.e.,building heat load) which depends on ambient temperature as describedabove. n;(T) is the number of hours in the temperature bin j for which the value of efficiency and heat inputapply

This expression assumes that the sequence of hours during the heating season is of no consequence. The following example illustrates how bin weather data can be used to take proper account of part load efficiency of aboilerusedfor spaceheating.

2001 by CRC Press LLC

TABLE 4.1.5Summary of Solution for Example 3—Boiler Energy Analysis

Load data shown in the third column of Table 4.1.5 exhibit the linearity of load with ambien emperature. Thepartloadcharacteristicequationis

The key equation for the solution is Equation 4.1.11. Since we are given the part load energy input equationinsteadof theefficiency atpartload,this expression takesa somewhat simplerform

屋顶绞球网架安装工程满堂脚手架搭设施工方案Qiyr ∑= Qi(T)n,(T) = j=0

To find the total energy used by the boiler, one sums the“fuel used" column of Table 4.1.5 to t 22,439 MMBtu are used to meet the annual load of 10,525 MMBtu. The ratio of these two numl ne overall annual boiler efficiency, 47%. This value is 41% less than the peak efficiency of 80%. Clea must takepartloadeffectsinto accountin annualenergycalculations.

2001 by CRC Press LLC

4.1.3ServiceHotWater

Hourly peak demand for the year —— gal/hr, 1/hr

0025.贵南县广播电视台建设项目公开Of course, the volumetric usage rates must be converted to energy terms by multiplying by the specific heatandwatertemperaturerise.

Table 4.1.6 summarizes water demands for various types of buildings, and Table 4.1.7 lists nominal set points of water heaters for several end uses.When using the lower settings in the table, the designer mustbeaware of thepotentialforLegionellapneumophila(Legionnaire'sDisease).Thismicrobehasbeen

2001 by CRC Press LLC